＜概要/Course Content Summary＞
This academic course introduces the world of Japanese architecture to Japanese and foreign students of Doshisha University. Especially，it focuses on the main philosophical values，styles, aesthetics，and architectural design principles through history. By doing specific activities， writing assignments and oral presentations, students increase their knowledge and the meaning of what has been learnt from their interactions and shared experiences. Comparisons with foreign architecture examples in other countries and one (1) study-tour to a relevant Japanese traditional or modern building located inside or around Kyoto City are planned to strengthen final debates and discussions as well as to help the formation of group-research projects for final evaluation. The course is structured in three sessions， each one of five weeks. The first two sessions (10 weeks) are defined as 'Knowledge-based Learning'. Through the themes studied an understanding of city planning， urban ecology，design, aesthetics, and construction fundamentals are pursued to increase sensitiveness toward the art of creating living spaces. Each class ends with a 10 minutes video documentary related to the theme presented to deepen knowledge. The last session (5 weeks) focuses on the 'Practicum' for experiential and skill-based learning where student’s participation and contribution are expected. In this session the students are not only introduced to the development of techniques for research capability and information management, but to enhance communicative skills and cross cultural competence. For this course an enthusiastic participation and positive attitude are required， where learning takes place in an interactive and culturally diverse context. The lectures are held in English and it is desirable for those students who apply to have a language proficiency level as indicated above.
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Photo: Japanese and foreign students walking around Kofuku-ji temple compound to analyze main architectural features of its historical structures.
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＜到達目標/Goals,Aims＞
1. To introduce the world of Japanese architecture， its main philosophical values，styles, aesthetics，and architectural design principles through history while developing global cultural competence and a deeper understanding of Japan.
2. To develop initiatives and group-research projects where debates and discussions can enhance communicative skills and cross cultural capabilities.
3. To implement teaching strategies based on the Constructive Learning Theory (CLT) and the development of a divergent thinking.
＜授業計画/Schedule＞
（実施回/
Week）
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（内容/
Contents）
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（授業時間外の学習/
Assignments）
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 1.
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（内容/ Contents）
SESSION I (5 weeks: Lessons 1-4): FROM EARLY TIMES TO THE KAMAKURA PERIOD.
INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE:
Explanation of attainment objectives and grading assessment.
Introduction to the study of architecture.
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 2.
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（内容/ Contents）
LESSON 1: ARCHITECTURE AND HISTORY.
Concepts, Origins, and Primitive Manifestations.
From Ancient Times to Modern Architecture.
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 3.
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（内容/ Contents）
LESSON 2: ANCIENT JAPANESE SHRINES.
Animism, Shelters for the Gods, and the Kofun.
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 4.
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（内容/ Contents）
LESSON 3: THE ARRIVAL OF BUDDHISM.
The Asuka Period's Architectural Renaissance (552-710).
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 5.
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（内容/ Contents）
LESSON 4: THE 'CLASSICAL AGE' OF JAPAN.
The Architecture of Nara and Heian Periods (710-1185).
RESEARCH PROJECT ASSIGNMENT:
The learning process is done by individual study activities and experiencing group interaction. This class is centered on the confirmation of group members and individual roles of students. The groups are formed by them and not by the professor， and each group designates a leader， and editor， and a spokesperson. The groups are interconnected in the way that each one develops its own specific contents but in concordance with what other groups are doing for the whole study. Communication is important and special attention is placed on the process.
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 6.
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（内容/ Contents）
SESSION II (5 weeks: Lessons 5-8): FROM KAMAKURA PERIOD UP TO THE PRESENT.
LESSON 5: ZEN IN ARCHITECTURE.
The Architecture of Kamakura and Muromachi Periods (1185-1573).
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 7.
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（内容/ Contents）
LESSON 6: THE ARCHITECTURE OF POWER.
The Architecture of Azuchi-Momoyama Period (1573-1603).
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 8.
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（内容/ Contents）
LESSON 7: BUILDINGS MADE IN ISOLATION.
The Architecture of Edo Period (1603-1868).
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 9.
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（内容/ Contents）
LESSON 8: WESTERN INFLUENCE & MODERN ARCHITECTURE.
Architecture since the Meiji Period (1868-).
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 10.
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（内容/ Contents）
REVIEW OF THE CONTENTS STUDIED, DEBATE AND SEMINAR DISCUSSION, AND MIDDLE-TERM TEST.
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 11.
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（内容/ Contents）
SESSION III (5 weeks): THE PRACTICUM.
RESEARCH PRACTICE: GUIDANCE AND SUPPORT.
This class is dedicated to group-research activities， consultation and support from the teacher. Assignments are supervised and guidance is given for speech preparation. The students most work together， consult the library and other information resources before this class.
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 12.
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（内容/ Contents）
STUDY-TOUR TO A CULTURAL INSTITUTION AND/OR PRACTICE. Tentatively to be held on December 5th， 2020 (Saturday 8:00 am - 1:00 pm).
A Study-tour provides a great opportunity to learn and to build a shared understanding around specific topics. It is an opportunity for socialization and experiential learning. Tentatively， the tour will be held in Kyoto City. Starting at 8:00 am in front of the underground ticket vending machines of Kitaoji subway station (Karasuma line; 10 min. from Imadegawa station and Doshisha's Imadegawa campus). Visiting:
(a) Daisen-in temple (for Zen meditation).
(b) Koto-in temple.
(c) Zuiho-in temple.
(d) Tea time at Imamiya shrine (optional).
The study-tour ends at 1:00 pm. It has been estimated an amount less than 3.000 yens/person for transportation， Zen practice session and entrance fee to the temples.
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 13.
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（内容/ Contents）
SUBMISSION OF A FIRST VERSION OF THE FINAL RESEARCH REPORT OF THE ENTIRE CLASS.
ORAL PRESENTATION， DEBATE， SUMMARY, AND CONCLUSION.
Speech presentation will be held by each group (10-15 min.). Debate will be carried out under the Task-Directed Discussion (10 min.). Summary， conclusion and recommendations will be held by the professor.
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 14.
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（内容/ Contents）
RESEARCH PRACTICE: GUIDANCE AND SUPPORT.
This class is dedicated to group-research activities， consultation and support from the teacher. Assignments are supervised and guidance is given for speech preparation. The students most work together， consult the library and other information resources before this class.
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To prepare materials and study for next class.
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（実施回/ Week）
Week 15.
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（内容/ Contents）
THE WHOLE-CLASS RESEARCH REPORT SUBMISSION, AND IN-CLASS FINAL EVALUATION.
Final observations and recommendation.
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（授業時間外の学習/ Assignments）
- To Recognize from now on the characteristics within a varied range of Japanese architecture.
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＜成績評価基準/Evaluation Criteria＞
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Weekly evaluation (attendance).
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15%
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Attendance to class based on the active participation of the student， involvement in group challenges and collaboration under the evaluation process.
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Seminar participation, discussion and contribution to the class.
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10%
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A contribution that students have to make by proposing ideas, comments, opinions or keeping a mere conversation on the topics studies.
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Middle-term test.
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40%
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Individual Evaluation. To evaluate the understanding of contents covered in class. Also， based on how the student expresses ideas subject to evaluation. There is one (1) middle-term test report during the semester which will be held at the end of the second session of the course (on the 10th week). The middle-term test has 40% of total evaluation.
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Group oral presentation.
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15%
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Group evaluation. This is the student's group-research oral presentation that will be held on the 13th week.
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Whole-class research report submission.
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15%
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Whole-class Evaluation: This is the submission of the group-research report on the 13th week. After a review and recommendation made by the professor, the whole-class research report (all groups included) will be finally submitted on the 15th week (last day of class). The report is a single document elaborated by the entire class. This is the final stage of the Practicum where the students have more than 10 weeks to complete this assignment.
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Study-tour.
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5%
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The study-tour will be carried out on the 12th week. Tentatively， it will be held on December 5th， 2020 (Saturday 8:00 am - 1:00 pm).
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＜テキスト/Textbook＞
There is no textbook.
Documents and materials for study are in English and prepared by the professor.
＜参考文献/Reference Book＞
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