2020年度

＜概要/Course Content Summary＞

Ecology and Economy in Japan is a course which explores issues of industrial pollution and environmental degradation through the course of industrialization and modernization in Japan. We will discuss issues related to pollution and its impacts on the communities and on the health of the residents through interdisciplinary approach, i.e., in terms of ecological economics, entropy economics, regional planning, sociological and theological points of view. We will touch on the roles of the national and local governments, scientists, scholars, NGOs, businesses in the effort of salvation of victims and preventing the problems. Discussion topics include case studies of Minamata and Itai-itai diseases, Ashio copper mining, and Fukushima Daiich Nuclear Power Plant Accident. We will discuss some environmental issues in other countries which are indirectly caused by the Japanese demand for resources and energy. Typical examples are uranium mining issues in Australia and in the Navajo Nations in the USA, as well as rare earth refinery cases in Malaysia. Also we will look at the Japanese economy and its impacts on ecosystems through such indicators as Ecological Footprint and Genuine Progress Indicator.

＜到達目標/Goals,Aims＞

The objective of this class is to get a better understanding of what has happened in the process of industrial modernisation in Japan. By the end of this course students will be able to draw lessons from the Japanese modern history of modernization in terms of causes of the pollution and environmental degradation. Students are expected to understand the reasons why pollution victims have been left uncompensated, and why their human rights have been left deprived. Also students are expected to study what necessity steps are that can lead us toward sustainable future. This course is designed to improve critical reading, thinking and writing skills.

＜授業計画/Schedule＞

Note: This syllabus is subject to changes and/or revisions. 　
A few optional Zoom Live sessions will be organized. Those who are interested in discussing what you will have learned are welcome to join.

＜成績評価基準/Evaluation Criteria＞

　
-------------------------------------------------　
Course Requirements and Assignments　
　
a) Attendance, Readings and Participation: 　
You are required to watch all the On-Demand lectures.　
You are also responsible for completing the readings (course readings and handouts) for the day they are assigned. 　
　
b) Paper submission toward the end of semester　
You are required to submit a written paper which contains results of your own research on a case of pollution/environmental destruction/resource depletion, etc. 　
　
The length of the paper should be between 4 and 5 pages (excluding the title page) of double spaced format on A4 sheets. Be sure to put your Name, Student ID, Affiliation (Faculty, department, etc.), Title, Date of Submission on the First Page. References should be added. You should follow the documentation style of APA. APA documentation style guide will be uploaded onto e-class system.　
　
c) Final Exam: 　
There is going to be NO final examination. 　
　
CLASSROOM POLICIES 　
1. Plagiarism and Cheating 　
Doshisha University does not tolerate plagiarism, cheating, or helping others to cheat. These actions will result in an automatic “F” in the course. Plagiarism is defined as misrepresenting the work of others (whether published or not) as your own. It may be inadvertent or intentional. Any facts, statistics, quotations, or paraphrasing of any information that is not common knowledge, should be cited. 　
For more information on paper writing/presentation, including how to avoid plagiarism and how to use citations, there are many resources to help you in the Library. Please speak with the Librarian.

＜成績評価結果/Results of assessment＞   成績評価の見方について/Notes for assessment

＜テキスト/Textbook＞

Some reading materials will be distributed through e-class system.

＜参考文献/Reference Book＞

＜参照ＵＲＬ/URL＞

＜備考/Remarks＞

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------　
Expectations for Research Paper Submission are as follows: 　
　
I. Research Themes　
Students are expected to critically analyze one case of environmental pollution, degradation of human health, depletion of resources, large scale development projects such as dam construction, so on. Examples of this theme are:　
1) Bhopal disaster in 1984 in India,　
2) Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986 in Ukraine, Soviet Union,　
3) Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011 in Japan,　
4) Deforestation of tropical rain forests in Brazil due to expansion of cattle ranches, or deforestation in Indonesia due to expansion of oil palm plantations, or development of mining activities,　
5) Destruction of Mangrove forests due to development of shrimp aquaculture, etc.　
6) Use of GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) and its impact on human health, and ecosystems,　
7) Use of chemical pesticides and its impact on human health, and ecosystems. 　
　
Also, your research can be a critical analysis of renewable energy, normally-thought-to-be “environmentally sound” and “ecologically sustainable” energy sources, or critical analysis of new technologies which may be causing environmental destruction. Examples are: 　
8) Critical analysis of biomass energy (e.g. H.I.S. ‘s power plant in Miyagi, Japan using biomass (palm oil) which are imported from developing countries, causing deforestation.　
9) Critical analysis of geothermal power generation, mega-solar power, etc.　
10) Critical analysis of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects. 　
11) Critical analysis of Linear Motor trains and its impact on human health, and ecosystems　
　
II. Contents to be Included in Your Research Papers　
(1) Who/which company caused the problems, and when and where?　
(2) Why did the problems take place?　
(3) What kind of problems did the victims suffer from? Physical, mental diseases, discrimination, isolation from the community, unemployment and poverty, 　
(4) What are the reactions from the victims? Did they take the case to the court? 　
(5) What are the reactions from political leaders, governments, from civil society (NGOs) after the problems emerged?　
(6) Were the victims compensated enough at the end?　
(7) What are the lessons to be learnt from the case?　
　
III. Typical Outline of the Papers/Presentations　
(1) Problem Statement/Background/Purposes of the paper　
(2) Body: Descriptions of the problems (5W1H), reactions from the governments, politicians, academics, media, and civil society (NGOs), etc. 　
(3) Conclusions (including lessons to be learnt from the case)　
(4) Reference list　
　
IV. Data Sources　　
(1) Please use credible sources for data and information, such as academic journals, published books. For academic journal, “CiNii” in DOORS is a good place to go. Please do not depend on website information such as Wikipedia, etc. which may contain “fake” information. If you want to use websites, please go to “Google Scholar.” 　
(2) Note: Please follow the APA Documentation style (especially, information sources of the evidences must be clearly written.)　
　
V. Figures and Tables 　
(1) Please add the numbers and titles of figures and tables　
e.g., Figure 1: Production of Copper at Ashio Copper Mine (tonne/year)　
e.g., Table 1: Numbers of Certified Patients of Minamata Disease 　
(2) Please add the sources underneath the figures and tables　
e.g., 　
(Source: Tsuda, T., et. al., (2016.) “Thyroid Cancer Detection by Ultrasound Among Residents Ages 18 Years and Younger in Fukushima, Japan: 2011 to 2014.” Epidemiology. 2016 May, 27(3): 316–322.) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4820668/ accessed on Oct. 25, 2019.　
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------　
　
INSTRUCTOR: Yoshihiko Wada　
OFFICE: Ryoshinkan Building (Imadegawa Campus) 3rd Floor Room 365　
TELEPHONE: 075-251-3582　
EMAIL: yowada@mail.doshisha.ac.jp　
OFFICE HOURS: by appointment